How to Brake
Your braking should be controlled and consistent. The front brake supplies a majority of the braking power. However, if you grab a handful of the front brake you will be sent over the bars. You should instead, apply the brakes lightly evenly on the back and front brakes. To help prevent skidding, avoid fast, sudden squeezes.
While braking, move your hips back to brace yourself, drop your heels down and keep your elbows and knees slightly bent. That body position will help you remain in control and prevent you from moving too far forward on your bike.
If there are disc brakes on your mountain bike, keep your index fingers on both hands on your brake levers, and the other three fingers on your handlebar grips. That will provide you with enough control and braking power while you are biking. If your bike has rim brakes, try using two fingers on your brake levers given they usually require you to use more force when engaging the brakes.
When You Should Brake
Whenever you are nearing a turn, be sure to brake prior to hitting the turn, then allow your momentum to carry you all the way through. That will enable you to stay focused on your technique throughout the turn and have enough speed to exit the turn.
When getting over and around obstacles on the trail momentum can be your best friend. Beginner riders frequently slow way down whenever they are approaching obstacles. However, controlled momentum can really help you with getting through those tricky parts of the trail.
Shifting
Given the fact that at least a few ups and downs are involved in most mountain biking, it's good for you to know how to properly shift your gears. Shifting gears properly will save a lot of wear and tear on your mountain bike (especially the rear cogs, front cassette and chain) and also help you power yourself up and down the hills more efficiently.
Shift frequently: Beginning bikers should frequently practice gear shifting. That will help to build muscle memory and allow you to intuitively shift down or up as necessary without needing to think about whether you are shifting to a more difficult or easier gear.
Shift earlier: You should wait to start shifting until you have started up a large hill already. Shifting into the gar you are going to need before hitting steep terrain. That will allow you to have maximum power to maintain a steady cycling cadence. It also will prevent awkward shifting on a load that is rough on your gears and might result in your chain popping off.
If you are having difficulty finding the correct gear for whatever training you are riding, err toward spinning into an easier gear instead of mashing into a hard gear.
Preventing cross-chaining is another important rule to follow. This takes place whenever your chain is awkwardly stretched across from the small chain ring that is in the front over to the small cog in the back, or the large chain ring that is in the front over to the large cog in the back. That is also true for triple and double chain ring setups. Cross-chaining may cause your chain to pop off due to the strain. Over time this will also stretch the chain, which shortens its lifespan.
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